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Navigating Borders: How GARR Is Defending Haitian Migrants Amid a Growing Crisis

Amid political instability, human rights violations, and economic despair, GARR fights for justice and dignity for Haitians facing deportation and discrimination in the Dominican Republic.

By Suhra Nahib on February 4, 2025

The ongoing immigration crisis between Haiti and the Dominican Republic has brought historical complexities and urgent humanitarian challenges into sharp focus. At the heart of addressing this crisis is the Groupe d’Appui aux Rapatriés et Réfugiés (GARR), a Haitian organization steadfast in its commitment to protecting the rights and dignity of migrants. 

The relationship between Haiti and the Dominican Republic has always been characterized by tension and conflict. Although both countries share the same island, racial and cultural differences have separated them. The tense history between the two countries and the influx of migrants in the Dominican Republic have fanned Dominicans’ prejudice toward Haitians, who Dominicans call “antihaitianismo.”

Haitian migration to the Dominican Republic is deeply rooted in decades of socio-political and economic challenges. Since the early 20th century, Haitians have sought work abroad, driven by chronic unemployment, political instability, and systemic marginalization. Years of corrupt leaders and violent coups caused Haiti to fall into deep poverty and instability. 

Raising awareness on deportation: Local community members gather in Belladère to discuss issue

In a time of escalating tensions, GARR’s work represents a vital lifeline for Haitian migrants navigating a fraught and often hostile environment both home and abroad. 

According to Katia Bonte, coordinator for Haiti’s Support Group for Returnees and Refugees, “the multiple problems faced by Haitian society continuously force Haitians to choose migration as a means of solving socio-economic insecurity.” These issues include a failing health system, pervasive gang violence, and a lack of employment opportunities, all of which have left many with little choice but to leave their homeland.

Today, gang violence dominates daily life in Haiti, with armed groups controlling nearly 80% of the capital. “Kidnapping has become part of Haitian daily life; every person lives with the fear that one day they will be the target of bandits,” said Bonte. Combined with natural disasters and severe deforestation, this environment has created a perfect storm of hardship, pushing thousands to seek a better life across the border.

Listening to repatriated (deported) women: A focus group discussion at the Ouanaminthe border.

The Dominican Republic’s approach to border control has grown increasingly stringent. High-profile projects like a 380-kilometer electric wall reflect the country’s hardening stance on migration. According to BBC, in 2023, nearly 25,000 Haitians were deported back to Haiti from the Dominican Republic. While DR’s border policies aim to address security concerns, Bonte notes that “the construction of this wall does not stop irregular migration, nor organized crime, arms and ammunition trafficking, nor human trafficking.” 

Instead, it exacerbates divisions and places additional burdens on vulnerable migrants.

As a result, the Dominican government has been under pressure from human rights advocates and international humanitarian agencies, such as UNHCR, to stop the mass deportation. However, President Luis Abinader has made it clear that the DR will continue deporting Haitians and will not allow refugee camps. 

In 2024, anti-Haitian rhetoric in the Dominican Republic escalated, fueled by election-year politics. This resulted in systemic violations of migrants’ rights, including inhumane deportations and rampant discrimination. Bonte highlighted the disturbing frequency of such incidents, stating, “Haitian migrants are apprehended everywhere, at all times, regardless of their migration status.” Deportees often face degrading treatment that violates international human rights standards and bilateral agreements.

Focus group discussion with repatriated (deported) men at the Belladère border.

Amid this turmoil, GARR stands as a critical advocate for Haitian migrants. The organization works tirelessly to document human rights violations, provide direct assistance to deportees, and amplify the voices of those affected. By conducting awareness campaigns and lobbying local and international bodies, GARR seeks to hold perpetrators accountable and push for policies that prioritize human dignity.

GARR also emphasizes the importance of cross-border cooperation. Recognizing that migration is both a necessity and a right, the organization advocates for agreements that protect migrant workers while addressing the Dominican Republic’s economic needs. For example, Bonte suggests that “temporary or seasonal migration programs focused on protecting the rights of Haitian workers and regularizing their situation” could reduce tensions and foster mutual understanding.

The complexities of the Haiti-DR migration crisis require solutions beyond immediate humanitarian aid. GARR calls for a structured binational dialogue where both governments commit to addressing shared challenges, such as resource management and border security. “Bilateral cooperation is also needed to combat climate change,” Bonte notes, underscoring the interconnected nature of the region’s challenges.

In addition to government action, GARR advocates for grassroots efforts to build bridges between the two cultures. Initiatives like joint cultural festivals and language exchange programs could help dismantle prejudices and foster goodwill. As Bonte highlights, “Awareness campaigns for the populations of both countries on the rights of migrants and the benefits of cooperation” are essential to fostering a culture of empathy and mutual respect.

GARR’s unwavering commitment to justice and human dignity offers a blueprint for how civil society can lead the charge in times of crisis. By shining a light on the struggles of Haitian migrants and advocating for systemic change, GARR not only supports those in need but also challenges the international community to act. As Bonte poignantly reminds us, “Leaving this problematic environment has become the only possible alternative for many.” In a region marked by shared histories and intertwined destinies, the organization’s efforts are a powerful testament to the transformative potential of compassion and collaboration. 

Learn ways remain in solidarity with the people of Haiti and keep following our work as we continue to seek justice for the nation and its people. 

Image credit: Groupe d’Appui aux Rapatriés et Réfugiés (GARR)

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